Oracle / PLSQL: MIN Function

This Oracle tutorial explains how to use the Oracle/PLSQL MIN function with syntax and examples.

Description

The Oracle/PLSQL MIN function returns the minimum value of an expression.

Syntax

The syntax for the MIN function in Oracle/PLSQL is:

SELECT MIN(aggregate_expression)
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions];

OR the syntax for the MIN function when grouping the results by one or more columns is:

SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n,
       MIN(aggregate_expression)
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions]
GROUP BY expression1, expression2, ... expression_n;

Parameters or Arguments

expression1, expression2, ... expression_n

Expressions that are not encapsulated within the MIN function and must be included in the GROUP BY clause at the end of the SQL statement.

aggregate_expression

This is the column or expression from which the minimum value will be returned.

tables

The tables that you wish to retrieve records from. There must be at least one table listed in the FROM clause.

WHERE conditions

Optional. These are conditions that must be met for the records to be selected.

Returns

The MIN function returns the minimum value.

Applies To

The MIN function can be used in the following versions of Oracle/PLSQL:

• Oracle 12c, Oracle 11g, Oracle 10g, Oracle 9i, Oracle 8i

Example - With Single Field

Let's look at some Oracle MIN function examples and explore how to use the MIN function in Oracle/PLSQL.

For example, you might wish to know how the minimum salary of all employees.

SELECT MIN(salary) AS "Lowest Salary"
FROM employees;

In this MIN function example, we've aliased the MIN(salary) expression as "Lowest Salary". As a result, "Lowest Salary" will display as the field name when the result set is returned.

Example - Using GROUP BY

In some cases, you will be required to use the GROUP BY clause with the MIN function.

For example, you could also use the MIN function to return the name of the department and the minimum salary in the department.

SELECT department, MIN(salary) AS "Lowest salary"
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;

Because you have listed one column in your SELECT statement that is not encapsulated in the MIN function, you must use a GROUP BY clause. The department field must, therefore, be listed in the GROUP BY section.